How Essential Oils Are Absorbed by the Skin

Essential oils enter the stratum corneum via the skin surface and pass through the dermis, eventually entering the general circulation.

This mechanism is central to aromatherapy's effectiveness, with full-body massages being the most common method for application.

However, essential oils are also used in lotions, creams, compresses, and baths to facilitate dermal absorption.

When a full-body massage isn't feasible, back massages are recommended due to the large skin surface area on the back. According to Gattefossé, the "Father of Aromatherapy," essential oils are better absorbed when warmed to body temperature. He emphasized cleansing the skin before application and using a medium like alcohol to enhance better effect.

Scientific Evidence Supporting Skin Absorption

Several studies affirm the dermal absorption of essential oils. For instance:

Research by Valette (1945) demonstrated that oils applied to rabbits enter the skin, though the permeability of human skin is less than animal skin.

In human trials, Jäger et al. (1992) found that peak plasma concentrations of lavender oil components were detected 20 minutes after application.

Studies like those by Schuster et al. (1986) ensured controlled environments, preventing inhalation, and demonstrated measurable plasma levels of essential oil components.

These findings support the notion that essential oils are absorbed through the skin, though factors like skin type, medium used, and application area influence the absorption rate.

Challenges and Controversies

Confounding Factors in Absorption Studies

A significant challenge in research is distinguishing dermal absorption from inhalation. Many studies fail to eliminate inhalation as a variable, leading to inconclusive evidence about absorption solely through the skin.

Evaporation Concerns

Without covering the application site, much of the essential oil evaporates, reducing absorption rates. Studies suggest that covering the skin after application enhances absorption, with uncovered skin absorbing only about 4% of the dose.

The Complete Experience of Aromatherapy

A Synergistic Approach

Aromatherapy isn't just about applying oils. It combines therapeutic touch, relaxing environments, and the psychological effects of aromas. The interaction between therapist and client, the choice of oils, and the sensory experience all contribute to its healing power.

Call for Rigorous Research

While anecdotal evidence highlights the benefits of aromatherapy, more controlled studies are essential for integrating aromatherapy into mainstream healthcare. This would strengthen its credibility and ensure it remains a trusted complementary therapy.

The Art of Aromatherapy

Ultimately, aromatherapy is more than the sum of its parts. It is a holistic treatment that integrates physical, emotional, and psychological well-being, showcasing the beauty and efficacy of this ancient practice.